Road

A class-leading touring bike, the newly redesigned Disc Trucker provides versatility and dependability on the daily commute or trans-continental excursion. Fork blade three-pack mounts enable you to attach and haul even more stuff, and the frame features a low bottom bracket and long chainstays for comfort and stability while loaded down. With increased stack height and improved standover clearance, plus ample space for larger tires and fenders, it’s designed to go the distance. Introduced in 2012, the Disc Trucker is widely considered one of the best-in-class touring bicycles available today. Truly at home on the road, it features updated geo and modern component compatibility, along with versatile mounting options that make it ideal for daily commutes and months-long disappearing acts alike. Built from Surly’s proprietary, touring-compliant 'Natch tubesets, updates to the Disc Trucker include a shortened seat tube and slightly sloped top tube for better stand-over clearance, plus an increased stack height for a more relaxed riding position. Shortened chainstays offer improved stiffness and maneuverability around corners, while 12mm thru-axles provide a stiffer feel and greater stability when fully loaded. To ensure the Disc Trucker continues to exceed expectations in terms of compatibility with modern product standards, its dropouts have been redesigned to accommodate flat-mount disc brakes and captured thru-axles. An updated fork incorporates dynamo routing and three-pack mounts for even more mounting options. Additionally, the 700c platform now offers clearance for 47mm tires for greater flexibility in tire options. - 100% Chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and E.D. coating for increased frame life - Braze-ons for fenders, racks, and almost anything else you might want to stick on your bike, plus spare spoke holders for when the road gets rough - Fork blade three-pack mounts for even more mounting options, plus routing for Dynamo hubs - Redesigned front and rear dropouts to accommodate captured 12mm thru-axles and flat-mount disc brakes - Clearance for 700c x 47 tires with or without fenders

A class-leading touring bike, the newly redesigned Disc Trucker provides versatility and dependability on the daily commute or trans-continental excursion. Fork blade three-pack mounts enable you to attach and haul even more stuff, and the frame features a low bottom bracket and long chainstays for comfort and stability while loaded down. With increased stack height and improved standover clearance, plus ample space for larger tires and fenders, it’s designed to go the distance. Introduced in 2012, the Disc Trucker is widely considered one of the best-in-class touring bicycles available today. Truly at home on the road, it features updated geo and modern component compatibility, along with versatile mounting options that make it ideal for daily commutes and months-long disappearing acts alike. Built from Surly’s proprietary, touring-compliant 'Natch tubesets, updates to the Disc Trucker include a shortened seat tube and slightly sloped top tube for better stand-over clearance, plus an increased stack height for a more relaxed riding position. Shortened chainstays offer improved stiffness and maneuverability around corners, while 12mm thru-axles provide a stiffer feel and greater stability when fully loaded. To ensure the Disc Trucker continues to exceed expectations in terms of compatibility with modern product standards, its dropouts have been redesigned to accommodate flat-mount disc brakes and captured thru-axles. An updated fork incorporates dynamo routing and three-pack mounts for even more mounting options. - 100% Chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and E.D. coating for increased frame life - Braze-ons for fenders, racks, and almost anything else you might want to stick on your bike, plus spare spoke holders for when the road gets rough - Fork blade three-pack mounts for even more mounting options, plus routing for Dynamo hubs - Redesigned front and rear dropouts to accommodate captured 12mm thru-axles and flat-mount disc brakes - Clearance for 26 x 2.1" tires with or without fenders

The Grappler is Surly's dedicated drop-bar trail bike. With mountain geo designed around a comfortable, confident drop-bar hand position, it's lively and responsive on single-track, double-track, and other degraded surfaces. Ready to haul essential gear for all-day dirt rides and quick bikepacking excursions, captured thru-axles front and rear provide ideal stiffness and handling. Built around 27.5" wheels and compatible with internally geared hubs and single-speed setups, Surly's tried-and-true Gnot-Boost spacing allows riders to run 142mm or 148mm rear hubs. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame and fork, featuring Surly's proprietary 'Natch tubing, double-butted main triangle, 1-1/8" headtube, non-suspension corrected. - Horizontal-slotted dropout, Surly Gnot-Boost spacing. - Seat stay-mounted bottle bosses on all sizes except XS, plus three-pack mounts at the top and bottom of the down tube and stealth dropper post routing. - E.D. coated frame for increased life expectancy. - 27.5 x 2.8" tire clearance (with or without fenders).

Midnight Special is a road plus bike designed to provide comfort and speed on those all-day rides that extend well beyond fresh pavement. Midnight Special shines on pot-holed, deteriorating pavement and the occasional long stretch of gravel. Its 650B road plus tires eat up road chatter and absorb all the bumps in the road like the champion it was designed to be. When it comes to road bikes, we just want to toss a few bananas into our pockets and see where the road takes us. We seek out varied surfaces on our rides and frequently go from pavement to gravel to worse pavement. Midnight Special allows us to accomplish all of that quite comfortably. - Higher volume tires allow better fine tuning of tire pressure on varying surfaces and create a wider contact patch for increased traction - Modern road standards like flat-mount disc brakes, 12mm front and rear thru-axles, and a 44mm head tube - Clearance for 650B x 60mm or 700c x 42mm tires without fenders (650B x 50mm or 700c x 38mm with fenders)

As a highly versatile touring bike, the Bridge Club hits the sweet spot that separates on- and off-road excursions. The simplistic design makes it fully adept to handle a full rack and pannier setup, frame bags, or any combination of the two. It doesn’t feel sluggish on paved shortcuts, but can also hold its own on dirt detours. If you’re feeling a little zesty on your next road tour, you won’t be ill-prepared for reroutes through the woods. The Bridge Club is designed to handle it all. - 100% Surly 4130 CroMoly frame, main triangle is double-butted - 1-1/8" threadless CroMoly fork - Rack, fender, and four sets of Three-Pack mounts - Disc Brake-specific - Single-position vertical rear dropout - 27.5 x 2.8” tire clearance

Bridge Club is a highly versatile touring bike that perfectly hits the sweet spot, spanning on- and off-road excursions. Bridge Club is for those multi-surface outings — planned or unplanned. We've all run out the clock on a dirt tour and had to add in some paved shortcuts. Conversely, when you’re feeling a little zesty on your next road tour, Bridge Club is ready for reroutes through the woods. Some people hear "bike touring" and immediately think of long-forgotten stretches of highway, small-town oddities, and roadside attractions. Some instantly recall desolate stretches of desert dirt roads or lush green forest trails. With Bridge Club, you can have your dessert and eat it too! - Ultra-focused on simplicity, it only has the barnacles that matter most to the discerning bike tourist - Two build kit options: Pavement (700c) and Off-Road (27.5-inch) - Run racks and panniers, framebags, or all of the above - Disc brake-specific, single position, vertical rear dropout makes it less intimidating than other bikes in the category - Clearance for 700 x 47mm tires (with or without fenders), 27.5 x 2.80 tires (27.5 x 2.60 with fenders), and 26 x 3.0 tires (26 x 2.80 with fenders)

The Grappler is Surly's dedicated drop-bar trail bike. With mountain geo designed around a comfortable, confident drop-bar hand position, it's lively and responsive on single track, double track, and other degraded surfaces. Ready to haul essential gear for all-day dirt rides and quick bikepacking excursions, captured thru-axles front and rear provide ideal stiffness and handling. Built around 27.5" wheels and compatible with internally geared hub and single-speed setups, Surly's tried-and-true Gnot-Boost spacing allows riders to run 142mm or 148mm rear hubs. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame and fork, featuring Surly's proprietary 'Natch tubing, double-butted main triangle, 1-1/8" headtube, non-suspension corrected. - Horizontal-slotted dropout, Surly Gnot-Boost spacing. - Seat stay mounted bottle bosses on all sizes except XS, plus three-pack mounts at the top and bottom of the down tube and stealth dropper post routing. - E.D. coated frame for increased life expectancy. - 27.5 x 2.8" tire clearance (with or without fenders).

Warroad is Salsa’s endurance all-road bike built to perform on-road while being fully capable of off-pavement pursuits. It’s the bike for riders who don’t define a road ride by the surfaces they travel. Endurance all-road geometry, Class 5 frame Vibration Reduction System, dual wheel-size compatibility with a wide range of tire fitments, and a variety of mounting options set the Warroad apart. - Carbon frame with an oversized bottom bracket junction and deeper section downtube, coupled with a 415mm chainstay to create a more responsive bike when accelerating, yet forgiving as the distance increases - Endurance all-road geometry, featuring a slack headtube angle and long offset fork to provide increased stability when the road surface turns rough - Warroad Carbon fork with 100 x 12mm thru-axle, side-mounted three-pack mounts, fender and rack compatibility - Top tube mount for Salsa EXP Direct Mount Top Tube Bag or K-Edge computer mount - Accessory mount on the underside of the down tube - Two water bottle mounts in the main triangle on 49–55cm frames, and three water bottle mounts in the main triangle on 56–61cm frames

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Salsa Waxwing carbon fork with mid-blade rack mounts, fender mounts, Three-Pack mounts, and internal dynamo cable routing - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Salsa Waxwing carbon fork with mid-blade rack mounts, fender mounts, Three-Pack mounts, and internal dynamo cable routing - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Salsa Waxwing carbon fork with mid-blade rack mounts, fender mounts, Three-Pack mounts, and internal dynamo cable routing - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Salsa Waxwing carbon fork with mid-blade rack mounts, fender mounts, Three-Pack mounts, and internal dynamo cable routing - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Warbird C Rival XPLR eTap AXS is built to tame the toughest terrain, with a Class 5 VRS-equipped high-modulus carbon fiber frameset. Our gravel race geometry puts you in a comfortable, confident riding position. On-bike cargo features let you gear up for long days of riding far from anywhere. SRAM's sure-shifting Rival XPLR eTap AXS drivetrain is a technological marvel with loads of gear range. As the industry's first gravel race bike, Warbird is designed and built to provide control, comfort, and speed when the going gets rough.

A gravel ride can be whatever you want it to be: go for speed, go for distance, go for fun, go for an escape. No matter your goal, Warbird C GRX 810 2x is a comfortable and efficient way to get there. The carbon frame with Class 5 Vibration Reduction System (VRS) tames harsh roads. Our gravel race geometry grants you control on ruinous roads. Thoughtful mounting points provide places for everything from extra bottles to a light bikepacking setup. Shimano's GRX 810 2x drivetrain has proven itself as a dependable, high-performance gravel group with plenty of gear range for windy flats and steep climbs. Put it all together and you've got one of the best gravel bikes out there.

It would be nice if every road ride was on brand-new blacktop, but for real-world road riding, there's Warroad C Ultegra Di2. When your route inevitably turns to rubble, the 700c x 32 mm wheels and tires maintain momentum while providing traction and a supple ride. Our Class 5 VRS adds some compliance to the rear end for all-day comfort in the saddle. Dual wheel size compatibility gives you the option of 700c or 650b as terrain and preferences change, making this one of the best adventure road bikes for rides that cover a variety of terrain. Shimano's Ultegra Di2 group offers smooth shifting and proven performance so you can focus on enjoying every mile.

Warbird is Salsa's gravel race bike, built on years of experience racing in some of the nation's premier gravel events. Its carbon fiber frameset, our carefully-honed gravel race geometry, and plentiful mounts for water, tools, and accessories make Warbird a top contender in the gravel bike world. - High-modulus carbon frame with rear thru-axle dropouts and rear rack compatibility via Rack-Lock seat collar (sold separately) - Class 5 Vibration Reduction System (VRS) reduces fatigue caused by micro-impacts - Waxwing Deluxe carbon fork features a 12 x 100 mm thru-axle, Three-Pack and fender mounts, mid-blade eyelets, dynamo cable routing, and flat-mount brake standard - Compatible with 700c (45 mm maximum) and 650b (51 mm maximum) wheels and tires - Compatible with 1x, 2x, and electronic drivetrains - Internal sleeved cable routing, dropper post-compatible - Three water bottle mounts in the main triangle on 56–61 cm frames; two on 49–54.5 cm frames - Top tube mount for Salsa EXP Series Direct Mount Top Tube Bag and additional mount on underside of down tube - Accommodates a 40mm travel suspension fork and dropper post with internal routing (on 1x drivetrains only)

Stormchaser is Salsa's gravel bike for any and all conditions. Ample tire clearance and single speed-ready Alternator Flat Mount dropouts will see you through the muddiest rides. Suspension fork and dropper post compatibility let you get wild with your route choices.

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Built for the rigors of America's longest mountain bike race, the Tour Divide-inspired Cutthroat C GRX 600 1x is one of the best bikepacking bikes for long rides through a variety of conditions and surfaces when speed is of the essence. Designed with drop-bar mountain bike geometry and a lightweight carbon frame featuring our Class 5™ VRS for comfortable compliance, Cutthroat is ready to put in big miles on any terrain. Ample cargo mounts let you distribute weight evenly around the bike for maximum maneuverability. Shimano's GRX 600 1x drivetrain provides brilliant braking and shifting with the gear range for gravel flats and mountain passes alike.

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

Warbird is Salsa's gravel race bike, built on years of experience racing in some of the nation's premier gravel events. Its carbon fiber frameset, our carefully-honed gravel race geometry, and plentiful mounts for water, tools, and accessories make Warbird a top contender in the gravel bike world. - High-modulus carbon frame with rear thru-axle dropouts and rear rack compatibility via Rack-Lock seat collar (sold separately) - Class 5™ Vibration Reduction System (VRS) reduces fatigue caused by micro-impacts - Waxwing carbon fork featuring a 12 x 100mm thru-axle, Three-Pack and fender mounts, mid-blade eyelets, dynamo cable routing, and flat-mount brake standard - Compatible with 700c (45 mm maximum) and 650b (51 mm maximum) wheels and tires - Compatible with 1x, 2x, and electronic drivetrains - Internal sleeved cable routing, dropper post-compatible - Three water bottle mounts in the main triangle on 56–61 cm frames; two on 49–54.5 cm frames - Top tube mount for Salsa EXP Series Direct Mount Top Tube Bag and additional mount on the underside of the down tube - Accommodates a 40mm travel suspension fork and dropper post with internal routing (on 1x drivetrains only)

Vaya GRX 600 lets you head out for rides that seamlessly cover everything from fresh asphalt to chunky gravel. The triple-butted tubing provides a silky steel ride, and the ability to run high-volume tires adds to the plush factor. Vaya's geometry and cargo-mounting options make it a prime choice for carrying the goods you need for long days in the saddle or light touring loads for multi-day trips. Shimano's GRX 600 drivetrain is a reliable performer no matter what your ride has in store.

Stormchaser is Salsa's gravel bike for any and all conditions. Ample tire clearance and the single speed-compatible Alternator Flat Mount dropout system will see you through the muddiest rides. Equipped with a suspension fork and dropper post, the Stormchaser GRX 810 1x SUS lets you get rowdy with your route choices.

Journeyer is Salsa's gateway to all-road adventures. The geometry provides comfort and confidence on any road surface. Versatile cargo carrying options extend riding range and allow for many different missions. It all comes together to create the perfect introduction to all-road riding. - 6061-T6 alloy frame - Flat mount brakes - Internal cable routing including stealth dropper post routing - Water, tool, and accessory mounts on frame and fork allow for longer rides - Compatible with 700c and 650b wheels and tires

This is a no-holds-barred triathlon machine—no restrictions, no limitations. The CADEX Tri frameset is designed, engineered and put to the test by the world’s fastest triathletes in a bold quest to push the sport forward. Created in conjunction with Ironman World Champion Kristian Blummenfelt’s attempt to break the seven-hour mark for the Ironman distance, a project dubbed Sub7, it features a radical monocoque frame, wide-spread fork legs and horizontal seatstays. The massive down tube doubles as a race-ready storage system, making hydration and nutrition easily accessible. And its wide-ranging adjustability makes it quick and easy to dial in over 1,000 fit configurations for personalized performance PERSONALIZED FIT - The CADEX Tri frameset makes it easier for athletes of all heights and body dimensions to achieve a perfect fit. Using real-world dimensional as well as stack and height data collected from pro and amateur triathletes, CADEX created five frame sizes and then configured ways for any rider, no matter what frame size they choose, to easily adjust critical fit factors. ENDURANCE AERODYNAMICS - Aero performance goes beyond wind-tunnel data. Using AeroSystem Shaping Technology to create a radical wide-spread, bladed fork, horizontal seatstays and other drag-reducing frame features—along with optimal rider position for Ironman racing—CADEX Tri is about achievable real-world gains. RACE-READY INTEGRATION - The unique chassis of the CADEX Tri frameset—a massive down tube with no top tube—offers a complete hydration, nutrition and tool storage solution fully integrated into the frame. This design lets riders hydrate and refuel quickly and conveniently from the seated aero riding position while remaining totally self-sufficient on the course. TOTAL EFFICIENCY - Engineered with the highest grade T1000 carbon fiber and cutting-edge layup techniques, the CADEX Tri frameset boasts class-leading pedaling and torsional stiffness with a total weight of just 4577 grams. Combined with ultra-adaptable fit, groundbreaking endurance aero technology, and a completely integrated hydration and nutrition system, the result is zero watts wasted. COMPLETE TRAVEL SOLUTION - The CADEX Tri frameset minimizes the amount of disassembly and reassembly needed and comes with a purpose-built, high-impact resistant Topeak travel case featuring airport-friendly wheels, a full interior protection system and built-in work stand.

Rough roads, gravel, or dirt. However you choose to roll, this bike does it all. the lightweight, smooth-riding composite frameset and adjustable wheelbase make it more capable than ever. - Fast and Light Advanced composite frame and fork save more than 160g compared to the previous model. Updated geometry includes a lower bottom bracket, longer reach, and steeper head tube angle for improved acceleration and climbing. - Tuned Compliance Dropped seat stays with thin tubing absorb road shocks and vibrations. D-Fuse handlebar and seatpost work as a system to add compliance without sacrificing stiffness while cornering, sprinting, or climbing. - Adaptable to the Terrain A flip chip on the rear dropout adjusts the wheelbase short for quicker handling, or long for improved stability at speed. The long setting allows for larger diameter tires up to 53mm. You can also choose the included D-Fuse seatpost for maximum compliance - Advanced Composite Technology Giant's High-Performance Grade raw carbon material is used to produce this custom frame material in our own composite factory with a high stiffness-to-weight ratio. The front triangle of these framesets is assembled and molded as one continuous piece in a proprietary manufacturing process called Modified Monocoque Construction. - D-Fuse Technology The D-Fuse seatpost and handlebar were designed to function as a system, absorbing road shocks and vibrations so you can ride farther, and faster. - Overdrive - Giant's original oversized fork steerer tube technology. Designed to provide precise front-end steering performance, the system's oversized headset bearings (1 1/4" lower and 1 1/8" upper for road, 1 1/2" lower and 1 1/8" upper for mountain) and tapered steerer tube work in conjunction to provide optimal steering stiffness. Tubeless System - Fewer flat tires. Greater traction. Less rolling resistance and a smoother, faster ride. Giant's Tubeless System makes it easier than ever to experience all these benefits. - Flip Chip - Dropout Allows riders to quickly adjust the geometry and rear-wheel tire clearance with eccentric, offset two-position hardware in the rear wheel dropouts.

Unleash your sprint with 200 meters to go. Close a gap, chase back, launch a solo attack. This new aero road machine is made for the moments that count. More aero, more adjustable, more ways to win. INTEGRATED AERODYNAMICS - AeroSystem Shaping, a result of CFD analysis and dynamic wind-tunnel testing, optimizes aerodynamic performance at every yaw angle. The truncated ellipse airfoil tube shapes and Contact SLR Aero cockpit produce the best overall aero performance. EASIER ADJUSTABILITY - Cable routing through the stem and head tube makes it quicker and easier to adjust or change cockpit components and fine-tune performance and riding position. RACE-WINNING EFFICIENCY - Advanced SL-grade composite frameset features Giant's pro-level composite materials and manufacturing processes. The result is 150 grams of weight savings compared to the previous generation and an even greater stiffness-to-weight advantage. ADVANCED SL COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY - Professional Grade raw carbon fiber is woven in our composite factory to produce our lightest, stiffest and highest quality frames. This is the technology used by Giant's pro racers in almost every cycling discipline. AEROSYSTEM SHAPING TECHNOLOGY - Through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and wind-tunnel data, engineers optimize each tube shape to deliver superior aerodynamic performance. TUBELESS SYSTEM - Fewer flat tires. Greater traction. Less rolling resistance and a smoother, faster ride. Giant's Tubeless System makes it easier than ever to experience all these benefits. OVERDRIVE AERO - Found inside the head tube of the all-new Propel range, the D-shaped fork steerer tube and corresponding spacers provide an extremely aerodynamic, easier to service system of internally routed brake and derailleur cables.

Some roads are smooth, others are rough. This smooth-riding all-rounder handles it all, taking you from the main route to more adventurous options with confidence and control. KEY PERFORMANCE FACTORS Balanced road geometry Frame is specifically engineered to produce a balanced, all-rounder feel that blends confident rider positioning with agile cornering and acceleration. Smooth ride quality Innovative D-Fuse seatpost reduces road shocks and vibrations, and a Giant WheelSystem lets you run tubeless tires up to 38mm for a smoother ride quality and reduced risk of flats. Total control Seamless disc brake integration, including flat mounts and 12mm front and rear thru-axles, produces more consistent braking power for better control, even in wet weather and on rough roads.